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2023
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Physicochemical properties and applications of tungsten carbide
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Tungsten carbide is a compound containing equal amounts of tungsten atoms and carbon atoms.
Tungsten carbide is a compound containing equal amounts of tungsten atoms and carbon atoms. The basic form of tungsten carbide is a gray powdery substance, but it can be pressed into various shapes by sintering, and is used in engineering machinery, cutting tools, abrasives and jewelry industries.
Preparation method of tungsten carbide
Tungsten carbide is prepared from the reaction of metallic tungsten and carbon at 1400-2000°C. Other methods include heating to between 900 and 1200°C using tungsten metal or a mixture of tungsten oxide and carbon monoxide carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
Tungsten carbide can also be produced by heating tungsten oxide and graphite together: directly to 900°C or heated to 670°C in hydrogen and then carburized by heating to 1000°C in argon.
Applications of tungsten carbide
1. Machining and cutting tools
Cemented tungsten carbide cobalt cutting tools are very wear resistant and can also withstand higher temperatures than standard high speed steel (HSS) tools. Carbide cutting surfaces are commonly used for machining tough materials such as carbon steel or stainless steel, and for applications where steel tools wear fast, such as high-volume and high-precision production. Because carbide tools can maintain sharp cutting edges better than steel tools, they can usually produce better finishes on parts, and their temperature resistance can speed up processing. This material is commonly referred to as cemented carbide, solid cemented carbide, cemented carbide, or tungsten carbide cobalt. It is a metal matrix composite material in which tungsten carbide particles are aggregates and metallic cobalt is the matrix.
2. Armor-piercing bullets
Tungsten carbide, in its monolithic sintered form, or more commonly found in cemented tungsten carbide cobalt composites, is often used in armor-piercing ammunition, especially when depleted uranium is not available or politically unacceptable. Tungsten carbide ammunition is now usually of the armor-piercing shell type.
3, Mining and Foundation Drilling
Tungsten carbide is widely used in the mining of top hammer rock drill bits, downhole hammers, hobs, longwall ploughs, longwall shearer picks, patio drilling reamers and tunnel boring machines. In these applications, it is also used for wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant components in well screens, subassemblies, sealing rings and casing inlet control commonly found in oil and gas drilling.
4, Surgical Instruments and Medical
Tungsten carbide is also used in the manufacture of surgical instruments for open surgery (scissors, forceps, hemostats, blade handles, etc.) and laparoscopic surgery (graspers, scissors/knives, needle holders, cauterizers, etc.). They are more expensive than their stainless steel counterparts, require delicate handling, but perform better.
5 The Jewelry
Tungsten carbide, usually in the form of cemented carbide (carbide particles brazed together by metal), has become a popular material in the wedding jewelry industry due to its extremely high hardness and high scratch resistance. The hardness of tungsten carbide is about 10 times that of 18k gold. In addition to its design and high polish, part of its appeal to consumers is its technical nature.
6 Other
Tungsten carbide is widely used in the manufacture of rotating balls in ballpoint pen tips to disperse ink during the writing process. Tungsten carbide is a common material for the manufacture of measuring blocks and is used in size measurement as a system for the production of precision lengths; the potential use of tungsten carbide as a catalyst is found to catalyze the production of water from hydrogen and oxygen at room temperature, the reduction of tungsten trioxide with hydrogen in the presence of water, and the isomerization of 2,2-dimethylpropane to 2-methylbutane. It has been proposed as an alternative to iridium catalysts in hydrazine-powered satellite thrusters; tungsten carbide coatings have been used on brake discs for high-performance automotive applications to improve performance, increase service intervals and reduce brake dust.
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